A motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. It mainly includes an electromagnet winding or distributed stator winding for generating a magnetic field and a rotating armature or rotor. The energized coil is used to generate a rotating magnetic field and act on the rotor to form a magneto-electric rotational torque.
According to different power sources, it is divided into DC motors and AC motors. Most of the motors in the power system are AC motors, which can be synchronous motors or asynchronous motors.
The motor is mainly composed of a stator and a rotor, and the direction of the energized wire in the magnetic field is related to the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field line. The working principle is that the force of the magnetic field on the current causes the motor to rotate.
1.According to the classification of working power supply According to the different working power supply of the motor, it can be divided into DC motor and AC motor. Among them, AC motors are also divided into single-phase motors and three-phase motors.
2. Classification according to structure and working principle Motors can be divided into DC motors, asynchronous motors and synchronous motors according to their structure and working principles. Synchronous motors can also be divided into permanent magnet synchronous motors, reluctance synchronous motors and hysteresis motors. Asynchronous motors can be divided into induction motors and AC commutator motors. Induction motors are further divided into three-phase asynchronous motors.
Phase asynchronous motor and shaded pole asynchronous motor, etc. AC commutator motors are further divided into single-phase series-excited motors, AC-DC dual-purpose motors and repulsion motors.
3. According to the starting and running mode, the motors can be divided into capacitor-started single-phase asynchronous motors, capacitor-operated single-phase asynchronous motors, capacitor-started single-phase asynchronous motors and split-phase single-phase asynchronous motors.
4. Classification by use Motors can be divided into drive motors and control motors according to their uses. Motors for driving are further divided into motors for power tools (including tools for drilling, polishing, polishing, grooving, cutting, reaming, etc.), motors for home appliances (including washing machines, electric fans, refrigerators, air conditioners, tape recorders, video recorders, video discs) Electric motors for machines, vacuum cleaners, cameras, hair dryers, electric shavers, etc.) and other general small mechanical equipment (including various small machine tools, small machinery, medical equipment, electronic instruments, etc.). Control motors are further divided into stepper motors and servo motors.
5. According to the structure of the rotor, the motor can be divided into a squirrel induction motor (the old standard is called a squirrel-cage asynchronous motor) and a wound rotor induction motor (the old standard is called a wound asynchronous motor).
6. According to the operating speed, motors can be divided into high-speed motors, low-speed motors, constant-speed motors, and speed-regulated motors.
7. According to the protection type is divided into
Open type (such as IP11, IP22): the motor has no special protection for the rotating and live parts except the necessary support structure.
Enclosed (such as IP44, IP54): The rotating parts and live parts inside the motor casing have necessary mechanical protection to prevent accidental contact, but do not obstruct ventilation obviously. The protective motor is divided into:
Mesh cover type: The ventilation opening of the motor is covered with a perforated cover, so that the rotating part and the live part of the motor cannot be in contact with foreign objects.
Drip Proof: The motor vents are constructed to prevent vertically falling liquids or solids from directly entering the motor interior.
Splash Proof: The motor vents are constructed to prevent liquids or solids from entering the motor from any direction within a 100-degree angle from vertical.
Closed: The structure of the motor casing can prevent the free exchange of air inside and outside the casing, but does not require complete sealing.
Waterproof: The structure of the motor casing can prevent water with a certain pressure from entering the interior of the motor.
Watertight: When the motor is immersed in water, the structure of the motor casing prevents water from entering the interior of the motor.
Submersible: The motor can run in water for a long time under the rated water pressure.
Explosion-proof type: The structure of the motor casing is sufficient to prevent the explosion of the gas inside the motor from being transmitted to the outside of the motor, causing the explosion of the combustible gas outside the motor.
Example: IP44 marked motor can prevent the entry of solid foreign objects larger than 1MM, and can prevent splashing water at the same time.
The meaning of the first digit after the IP
0 No guard, no special guard
1 It can prevent solid foreign objects with a diameter greater than 50MM from entering the casing, and can prevent large areas of the human body (such as hands) from accidentally touching live or moving parts in the casing, but cannot prevent conscious access to these parts.
2. It can prevent solid foreign objects with a diameter greater than 12MM from entering the casing, and can prevent fingers from touching live or moving parts in the casing.
3. It can prevent solid foreign objects with a diameter greater than 2.5MM from entering the casing, and can prevent tools and metals with a thickness (or diameter) greater than 2.5 from touching the live or moving parts in the casing.
4. It can prevent solid foreign objects with a diameter greater than 1MM from entering the casing, and can prevent tools and metals with a thickness (or diameter) greater than 1MM from touching live or moving parts in the casing.
5. It can prevent dust from entering to the extent that it affects the normal operation of the product, and completely prevent access to live or moving parts in the shell.
6 Completely prevent dust from entering, completely prevent touching live or moving parts inside the case.
The meaning of the second digit after the IP
0 No guard, no special guard.
1 Anti-drip, vertical dripping water should not directly enter the product.
2 15゜ drip-proof, dripping water within a range of 15 degrees from the plumb line should not directly enter the product.
3 Anti-splashing water, the spraying water within a range of 60 degrees from the plumb line should not directly enter the product.
4 Splash-proof, splashing water in any direction should have no harmful effect on the product.
5 Water-proof, water spray from any direction should have no harmful effect on the product.
6 Violent waves or strong water jets should have no harmful effect on the product.
7 Water immersion, the product is immersed in water for a specified time and pressure, and the amount of water ingress should have no harmful effect on the product.
8. For diving, the product is immersed in water for a long time under the specified pressure, and the water intake should have no harmful effect on the product.
8. According to the ventilation cooling method is divided into
⒈ Self-cooling: The motor is cooled only by the radiation on the surface and the natural flow of air.
⒉ Self-fan cooling: The motor is driven by its own fan, which supplies cooling air to cool the surface of the motor or its interior.
⒊ Other fan-cooled type: The fan supplying cooling air is not driven by the motor itself, but is driven independently.
⒋ Duct ventilation type: The cooling air is not directly entered into the motor from the outside of the motor or directly discharged from the inside of the motor, but is introduced into or discharged from the motor through the duct. The fan for duct ventilation can be self-fan-cooled or other fan-cooled.
⒌ Liquid cooling: The motor is cooled with liquid.
⒍ Closed-circuit gas cooling: The medium for cooling the motor circulates in a closed circuit including the motor and the cooler, and the cooling medium absorbs heat when passing through the motor and releases heat when passing through the cooler.
⒎ Surface cooling and internal cooling: if the cooling medium does not pass through the inside of the motor conductor, it is called surface cooling, and if the cooling medium passes through the inside of the motor conductor, it is called internal cooling.
9. According to the installation structure type:
The installation type of the motor is usually represented by a code. The code is represented by the abbreviation IM of international installation. The first letter of IM represents the installation type code, B represents horizontal installation, and V represents vertical installation; the second digit represents the feature code, which is represented by Arabic numerals.
For example, the IMB5 type means that the base has no base, there is a large flange on the end cover, and the shaft extends at the flange end.
Installation types include B3, BB3, B5, B35, BB5, BB35, V1, V5, V6, etc.
10. According to the insulation grade, it is divided into: A grade, E grade, B grade, F grade, H grade, C grade.
11. According to the rated working system, it is divided into: continuous, intermittent and short-time working system.
Continuous duty system (SI): The motor is guaranteed to run for a long time under the rated value conditions specified on the nameplate
Short-time duty system (S2): The motor can only run for a short time within a limited time under the condition of the rated value specified on the nameplate. There are four kinds of duration standards for short-time operation: 10min, 30min, 60min and 90min.
Intermittent duty system (S3): The motor can only be used intermittently and periodically under the rated value conditions specified on the nameplate, expressed as a percentage of 10min per cycle. Such as: FC=25%; including S4-S10, which belong to the intermittent operation system of several different conditions.
Representative products
Y(IP44) series asynchronous motor
The motor capacity is from 0.55 to 200kW, B-class insulation, and protection class IP44, which has reached the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard. million kW.
Yx series high efficiency motor
The capacity is 1.5 to 90kW, and there are 3 types of pole numbers such as 2, 4, and 6. The average efficiency of the whole series of motors is about 3% higher than that of the Y (IP44) series, which is close to the international advanced level. It is suitable for unidirectional operation, and the annual working time is more than 3000h. When the load factor is greater than 50%, the power saving effect is remarkable. The output of this series of motors is not high, with an annual output of about 10,000 kW.
Pole-changing speed motor
The main products are YD (0.45 ~ 160kW), YDT (0.17 ~ 160kW), YDB (0.35 ~ 82kW), YD (0.2 ~ 24kW), YDFW (630 ~ 4000kW) and other 8 series products that have been mass-produced in China. International average application level.
Electromagnetic slip speed regulating motor
China has mass-produced 8 series of products such as YCT (0.55-90kW), YCT2 (15-250kW), YCTD (0.55-90kW), YCTE (5.5-630kW), YCTJ (0.55-15kW), etc., reaching the international average application level. Among them, the YCTE series has the highest technical level and the most promising development.